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2. 确保对人工智能系统潜在影响和后果的持续关注和警惕，以及问责，特别是：（Continued attention and vigilance, as well as accountability, for the potential effects and consequences of, artificial intelligence systems should be ensured, in particular by:)

a. promoting accountability of all relevant stakeholders to individuals, supervisory authorities and other third parties as appropriate, including through the realization of audit, continuous monitoring and impact assessment of artificial intelligence systems, and periodic review of oversight mechanisms; b. fostering collective and joint responsibility, involving the whole chain of actors and stakeholders, for example with the development of collaborative standards and the sharing of best practices, c. investing in awareness raising, education, research and training in order to ensure a good level of information on and understanding of artificial intelligence and its potential effects in society, and d. establishing demonstrable governance processes for all relevant actors, such as relying on trusted third parties or the setting up of independent ethics committees,

原则: 人工智能伦理与数据保护宣言（Declaration On Ethics And Data Protection In Artifical Intelligence）, Oct 23, 2018

作者：40th International Conference of Data Protection and Privacy Commissioners (ICDPPC)

相关原则

3. Artificial intelligence systems transparency and intelligibility should be improved, with the objective of effective implementation, in particular by:

a. investing in public and private scientific research on explainable artificial intelligence, b. promoting transparency, intelligibility and reachability, for instance through the development of innovative ways of communication, taking into account the different levels of transparency and information required for each relevant audience, c. making organizations’ practices more transparent, notably by promoting algorithmic transparency and the auditability of systems, while ensuring meaningfulness of the information provided, and d. guaranteeing the right to informational self determination, notably by ensuring that individuals are always informed appropriately when they are interacting directly with an artificial intelligence system or when they provide personal data to be processed by such systems, e. providing adequate information on the purpose and effects of artificial intelligence systems in order to verify continuous alignment with expectation of individuals and to enable overall human control on such systems.

由 40th International Conference of Data Protection and Privacy Commissioners (ICDPPC) 在人工智能伦理与数据保护宣言（Declaration On Ethics And Data Protection In Artifical Intelligence）发表, Oct 23, 2018

(Conclusion)

Taking into consideration the principles above, the 40th International Conference of Data Protection and Privacy Commissioners calls for common governance principles on artificial intelligence to be established, fostering concerted international efforts in this field, in order to ensure that its development and use take place in accordance with ethics and human values, and respect human dignity. These common governance principles must be able to tackle the challenges raised by the rapid evolutions of artificial intelligence technologies, on the basis of a multi stakeholder approach in order to address all cross sectoral issues at stake. They must take place at an international level since the development of artificial intelligence is a trans border phenomenon and may affect all humanity. The Conference should be involved in this international effort, working with and supporting general and sectoral authorities in other fields such as competition, market and consumer regulation.

由 40th International Conference of Data Protection and Privacy Commissioners (ICDPPC) 在人工智能伦理与数据保护宣言（Declaration On Ethics And Data Protection In Artifical Intelligence）发表, Oct 23, 2018

Plan and Design:

1 This step is crucial to design or procure an AI System in an accountable and responsible manner. The ethical responsibility and liability for the outcomes of the AI system should be attributable to stakeholders who are responsible for certain actions in the AI System Lifecycle. It is essential to set a robust governance structure that defines the authorization and responsibility areas of the internal and external stakeholders without leaving any areas of uncertainty to achieve this principle. The design approach of the AI system should respect human rights, and fundamental freedoms as well as the national laws and cultural values of the kingdom. 2 Organizations can put in place additional instruments such as impact assessments, risk mitigation frameworks, audit and due diligence mechanisms, redress, and disaster recovery plans. 3 It is essential to build and design a human controlled AI system where decisions on the processes and functionality of the technology are monitored and executed, and are susceptible to intervention from authorized users. Human governance and oversight establish the necessary control and levels of autonomy through set mechanisms.

由 SDAIA 在人工智能伦理准则发表, Sept 14, 2022

· Responsibility and accountability

42. AI actors and Member States should respect, protect and promote human rights and fundamental freedoms, and should also promote the protection of the environment and ecosystems, assuming their respective ethical and legal responsibility, in accordance with national and international law, in particular Member States’ human rights obligations, and ethical guidance throughout the life cycle of AI systems, including with respect to AI actors within their effective territory and control. The ethical responsibility and liability for the decisions and actions based in any way on an AI system should always ultimately be attributable to AI actors corresponding to their role in the life cycle of the AI system. 43. Appropriate oversight, impact assessment, audit and due diligence mechanisms, including whistle blowers’ protection, should be developed to ensure accountability for AI systems and their impact throughout their life cycle. Both technical and institutional designs should ensure auditability and traceability of (the working of) AI systems in particular to address any conflicts with human rights norms and standards and threats to environmental and ecosystem well being.

由 The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) 在人工智能伦理问题建议书发表, Nov 24, 2021

· Multi stakeholder and adaptive governance and collaboration

46. International law and national sovereignty must be respected in the use of data. That means that States, complying with international law, can regulate the data generated within or passing through their territories, and take measures towards effective regulation of data, including data protection, based on respect for the right to privacy in accordance with international law and other human rights norms and standards. 47. Participation of different stakeholders throughout the AI system life cycle is necessary for inclusive approaches to AI governance, enabling the benefits to be shared by all, and to contribute to sustainable development. Stakeholders include but are not limited to governments, intergovernmental organizations, the technical community, civil society, researchers and academia, media, education, policy makers, private sector companies, human rights institutions and equality bodies, anti discrimination monitoring bodies, and groups for youth and children. The adoption of open standards and interoperability to facilitate collaboration should be in place. Measures should be adopted to take into account shifts in technologies, the emergence of new groups of stakeholders, and to allow for meaningful participation by marginalized groups, communities and individuals and, where relevant, in the case of Indigenous Peoples, respect for the self governance of their data.

由 The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) 在人工智能伦理问题建议书发表, Nov 24, 2021