Safe and Ethical AI (SEA) Platform Network · Linking Artificial Intelligence Principles (LAIP)

B. Responsibility and Accountability:

AI applications will be developed and used with appropriate levels of judgment and care; clear human responsibility shall apply in order to ensure accountability.

Principle: NATO Principles of Responsible Use of Artificial Intelligence in Defence, Oct 22, 2021

Published by The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

Related Principles

6. Accountability and Integrity

There needs to be human accountability and control in the design, development, and deployment of AI systems. Deployers should be accountable for decisions made by AI systems and for the compliance with applicable laws and respect for AI ethics and principles. AI actors9 should act with integrity throughout the AI system lifecycle when designing, developing, and deploying AI systems. Deployers of AI systems should ensure the proper functioning of AI systems and its compliance with applicable laws, internal AI governance policies and ethical principles. In the event of a malfunction or misuse of the AI system that results in negative outcomes, responsible individuals should act with integrity and implement mitigating actions to prevent similar incidents from happening in the future. To facilitate the allocation of responsibilities, organisations should adopt clear reporting structures for internal governance, setting out clearly the different kinds of roles and responsibilities for those involved in the AI system lifecycle. AI systems should also be designed, developed, and deployed with integrity – any errors or unethical outcomes should at minimum be documented and corrected to prevent harm to users upon deployment

Published by ASEAN in ASEAN Guide on AI Governance and Ethics, 2024

4. HUMAN OVERSIGHT AND ACCOUNTABILITY

AI stakeholders should retain an appropriate level of human oversight of AI systems and their outputs. Technologies capable of harming individuals or groups should not be deployed until stakeholders have determined appropriate accountability and liability.

Published by the Law, Society and Ethics Working Group of the AI Forum，New Zealand in Trustworthy AI in Aotearoa: The AI Principles, Mar 4, 2020

Accountability

Those responsible for the different phases of the AI system lifecycle should be identifiable and accountable for the outcomes of the AI systems, and human oversight of AI systems should be enabled. This principle aims to acknowledge the relevant organisations' and individuals’ responsibility for the outcomes of the AI systems that they design, develop, deploy and operate. The application of legal principles regarding accountability for AI systems is still developing. Mechanisms should be put in place to ensure responsibility and accountability for AI systems and their outcomes. This includes both before and after their design, development, deployment and operation. The organisation and individual accountable for the decision should be identifiable as necessary. They must consider the appropriate level of human control or oversight for the particular AI system or use case. AI systems that have a significant impact on an individual's rights should be accountable to external review, this includes providing timely, accurate, and complete information for the purposes of independent oversight bodies.

Published by Department of Industry, Innovation and Science, Australian Government in AI Ethics Principles, Nov 7, 2019

· 4. The Principle of Justice: “Be Fair”

For the purposes of these Guidelines, the principle of justice imparts that the development, use, and regulation of AI systems must be fair. Developers and implementers need to ensure that individuals and minority groups maintain freedom from bias, stigmatisation and discrimination. Additionally, the positives and negatives resulting from AI should be evenly distributed, avoiding to place vulnerable demographics in a position of greater vulnerability and striving for equal opportunity in terms of access to education, goods, services and technology amongst human beings, without discrimination. Justice also means that AI systems must provide users with effective redress if harm occurs, or effective remedy if data practices are no longer aligned with human beings’ individual or collective preferences. Lastly, the principle of justice also commands those developing or implementing AI to be held to high standards of accountability. Humans might benefit from procedures enabling the benchmarking of AI performance with (ethical) expectations.

Published by The European Commission’s High-Level Expert Group on Artificial Intelligence in Draft Ethics Guidelines for Trustworthy AI, Dec 18, 2018

Responsibility and accountability

United Nations system organizations should have in place appropriate oversight, impact assessment, audit and due diligence mechanisms, including whistle blowers’ protection, to ensure accountability for the impacts of the use of AI systems throughout their lifecycle. Appropriate governance structures should be established or enhanced which attribute the ethical and legal responsibility and accountability for AIbased decisions to humans or legal entities, at any stage of the AI system’s lifecycle. Harms caused by and or through AI systems should be investigated and appropriate action taken in response. Accountability mechanisms should be communicated broadly throughout the United Nations system in order to build shared knowledge resources and capacities.

Published by United Nations System Chief Executives Board for Coordination in Principles for the Ethical Use of Artificial Intelligence in the United Nations System, Sept 20, 2022